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From the hexagram to the hexagram
—Li Zhicai and Shao Yong Yixue are recognised
Author: Li Zhen
Source: “Zhouyi Research” (Jinan) 2020 Issue 3
Author introduction:Li Zhen, an assistant researcher at the Institute of Humanities of the Qing Dynasty, Xinya Library, and an important research field is Chinese Philosophy History, Song and Ming Philosophy, and Yixue Philosophy. Beijing 100084
Content summary:Li Zhicai used hexagrams to change famous scholars. His mutual generation hexagram changes and opposing hexagram changes are based on the principle of special symbols and no literary recitation. He made the most basic reforms to the hexagram changes that had previously worked hard to explain the hexagram changes and lines, and also adjusted the hexagram changes that had traditional recitations and lines and two lines were changed. Li Zhicai conveyed Shao Yonghan’s words about the changes in hexagrams, and later generations often had misunderstandings about the content of the changes in the changes in the hexagrams mentioned in Shao Yong’s Yixue. Shao Yonghan said that the most basic reason for the change of the hexagram is that the change of the hexagram says that there are difficulties in the theoretical conditions based on Qiankun. By proposing a hexagram of one-point two, Shao Yong established yinyang as the most basic foundation, and restored Qiankun into a hexagram, establishing the theoretical conditions of diverging from the hexagram. This reform has realized the establishment and compatibility of the hexagram changes, and the hexagram changes and the hexagram changes were integrated into the Yi system of Shao Yong and Xizhi Yi and King Wen of Yi.
Keywords: Li Zhicai/Shao Yong/Hao Chang/Heaven changes/Heavenger
Title notes: The 65th batch of external funding of the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Fund (2019M650760).
Li Zhicai (1001-1045)① When he was alive, he was not well-known and occupied a major position in the history of Yixue. This is because Li Zhicai proposed a unique hexagram change study, and later generations talked about hexagram changes, and the second is because Shao Yongyan, a disciple of the Li family, created the most important acquired Yili in the Song Yi period. History has detailed theories of Li Shao’s story, but we can discuss the specific content of Li Zhicai Yixue, what is the specific connotation of what Shao Yongyixue has inherited the Li family, and what reforms and developments have been made. There are still doubts about these questions, which are still to be explored. This article believes that hexagram change is the main trunk of Li Zhicai Yixue. Through the hexagram changes, Li Zhicai made in-depth reforms to the previous tradition of Yixue. Shao Yongji used his hexagram to reflect on the theoretical conditions of the hexagram change, and realized the establishment and compatibility of the hexagram change.
1. Li Zhicai’s previous hexagram changes
The hexagram changes are an example of Yizhi with the goal of explaining the origin of the hexagram. Generally speaking, hexagram changes refer to the transformation of the overall hexagram formed by the change of positions of two lines with different yin and yang properties, that is, from one hexagram to another hexagram. “Taobao””The upper”, “lower”, “going” and “coming” are considered by many later scholars to be the beginning of the hexagram changes. However, the hexagram changes in “Tianqie” are very simple. There is no explanation for whether a certain hexagram comes from a certain hexagram, nor does it systematically explain whether this example can be widely used for the sixty-four hexagrams, nor does it explain the principle of such changes.
The Han Dynasty is the main period for the formation of hexagram changes. Xun Shuang and Yu Fan used the book “The day when she was so painful that she couldn’t get out of bed, and the man who was on a business trip suddenly appeared,” and established a systematic and mature hexagram theory, among which Yu Fan’s words are the most prominent. Yu Fan’s six ears continued to spread the voice: “I’m still at the rescue station.” “You come to receive the fourteen hexagrams and hexagram changes, and there are a few things worth noting:
First, it is clearly proposed that the hexagram changes are based on Qian and Kun. “Xilong” says, “The account calls the Kun, and the official website. The Qian” and the Yimen of Qian and Kun are the gates of change, using Qian and Kun as the door of change; Xihan Jingfang proposed that “Qian and Kun are the most basic of Yin and Yang”③, and “Qian and Jin” also said that “Qian and Kun are the most basic of Yin and Yang, and the ancestor of all things”④, and “Yuntongqi” takes a step forward to point out the Qian and Kun and the discussion. The relationship between the hexagrams, “Qian Kun is the gate of Yi, and the parent of the hexagram”⑤, Xun Shuang and Yu Fan then used Qian Kun Ming to confirm the other hexagrams in the hexagram system from their natural origin. Xun Shuang often directly uses the rise and fall of the Qian Kun hexagrams to explain the changes of the hexagrams. Yu Fan thought that Qian Kun was just born. Ten news hexagrams, Ten news hexagrams have one step to produce the other fifty-two hexagrams. But no matter what, Qian and Kun are the basis of Xun and Yu. In this way, the two hexagrams of Qian and Kun are the most basic, and the hexagram changes the previous “Tian Ju” only talks about the relationship between the two hexagrams based on high and low. The situation of the twelve news hexagrams are obtained, and the starting point is obtained.
Secondly, the tree sets the framework for the news hexagram to produce the fuji hexagram. The twelve news hexagrams are first seen in the Mengxi hexagrams. Jingfang applies it to the calculations. Yu Fan goes a step by step The ten news hexagrams were produced, and the hexagrams were explained in detail which hexagrams were produced. In this way, all sixty-four hexagrams were collected in the hexagram variation system, thus establishing a hexagram variation system covering a variety of areas, clear levels and symbolic meanings of cosmic theory.
Third, it perfects the hexagram change principle of the two lines changing. The hexagram changes mentioned in “Yuan Ji” are all the two lines changing. Xun Shuang’s words about the rise and fall of Qiankun are also mainly based on the two lines changing. However, “Yuan Ji” is not detailed, Xun Shuang’s writing is mostly lost, and “The two lines changing together, the hexagram that is the main change, and the one that moves is only one line”⑧ The construction principle of the hexagram changes is Yu Fan. In this way, the hexagram changes have the principle of broad nature and divergence.
Huang Zongxi once said: “In ancient times, no one who says hexagram changes is based on Yu Zhongxiang, and later generations have only increased their influence. “⑨ The later hexagram changes can only be increased, or there may be some potential. However, after Yu Fan, any change in hexagram will not be affected by the Yu family in depth. However, although Yu Fan’s system is very complicated, it cannot be as good as a single person. Teacher Lin Zhong, Chief Teacher, pointed out that in Yu Fan’s hexagram changes, there are seven hexagrams that are special:
The Tun and Lun of the two yang and four yin hexagrams, Xiaotu and Mengben came from Chui and Guan, while Yuzhu came from Kan, Qing and Gen (Tun came from Kan, Bai and Xiaotu came from Chu and Gen). The Zhongfu version of the two yin and four yang hexagrams comes from Dun and Da Wang, while the Yu Zuo comes from it. The Feng and Lu versions of the three yin hexagrams are from Tai and Fu, but the Yu note comes from Shi Ke and Feng. ⑩
The so-called special case is that this kind of solution should be based on the hexagram change principle, and it should be classified according to other rules. In addition to the above seven special exceptions, there is also the situation where one line produces two hexagrams, as well as the problem of inconsistent changes of hexagrams of one yin, five yang and five yin. (11)
Yu Fan Gua changes the statement that it is not inevitable and self-consistent is not an occasional one. This is determined in the most basic way by the contradiction between the hexagram and the goal. (12) The hexagram changes as a pure emotion change. The basics are only related to the hexagram symbols. Just follow the appropriate principles. The sixty-four hexagrams can be arranged in a well-ordered system according to the two lines of change. However, the final goal of hexagram changes is not to describe the rules of the hexagram image, but to use the hexagram change relationship to explain the hexagram and line recitation. Although the hexagrams and lines are based on images, the relationship and lines are not the same thing, and there is no way to defend each other. At this time, the hexagram changes the situation and must serve the goal of interpretation, and through the unity and systematic nature of the rules of the hexagram symbols, it can form an explanation of the specific hexagram and line recitation. This is the reason why Yu Fan Gua changes the essence of the body and can not avoid self-concern. At the bottom of the root, the above contradictions in the Yu Fan Gua change reflect the inherent Zhangli between the s
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